28133 - PHYSIOPATHOLOGY I

Subject type: Basic

Coordinator: Carolina Chabrera Sanz

Trimester: Third term

Credits: 6

• Catalan
• Spanish

At the beginning of academic training, it is essential for future health professionals to acquire generic but at the same time solid knowledge about the concept of illness. This involves the study of the potential causes that cause it, the mechanisms by which these etiologies act in a harmful way for the body and finally the disorders and symptoms they produce in the function and structure of organs and systems. It is precisely this last concept, which refers to pathophysiology, the final purpose of the subject before us.

These functional as well as structural alterations determine the clinical manifestations of the diseases and it is essential that students can link in a reasoned way the symptoms and signs of each disease with its pathophysiology.

In the subject of pathophysiology (I and II) the generic knowledge applicable to any of the systems and apparatuses of the human organism are introduced; such as the concept of health and disease, aging, injury and cell death, environmental pathology and inheritance, tumor pathology and microbiology. This basic knowledge is always applied through a syndromic perspective to the specific diseases of the different systems that include among others the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, genitourinary, nervous, sensory and osteoarticular system, hematology and metabolism and the endocrinology.

Plenary exhibition sessions (40 hours)

1. Pathology induced by microorganisms (12 hours)

1.1. Microbiology

1.1.1. Microbial nature

1.1.2. Bacteria

1.1.3. Fungi

1.1.4 Virus

1.1.5. Parasites

1.1.6. Characteristics of the main etiological agents of infectious diseases

1.2. Microbiological diagnosis

1.3. Human-microorganism interactions

1.3.1. Concepts: colonization, infectious disease, pathogen, virulence

1.3.2. Human microbiota

1.3.3. Mechanisms of transmission of infectious diseases

1.3.4. Microbial virulence factors

1.3.5. Antibiotic resistance

1.3.6. Risk factors

1.3.7. Infection prevention and control

1.4. Infectious Diseases

1.4.1. Course of an infectious disease

1.4.2. Pneumonia and tracheobronchitis

1.4.3. Pulmonary tuberculosis

1.4.4. Bacteremia, septicemia, SIRS and septic shock

1.4.5. Infectious endocarditis

1.4.6. Nosocomial infection

1.4.7. Prevention and control of nosocomial infection

1.4.8. Isolation precautions to prevent the transmission of infectious agents to health centers

1.4.9. Disinfection and sterilization

1.4.10. Sexually transmitted diseases

1.4.11. Human immunodeficiency virus infection

1.4.12 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection

1.4.13. Gastrointestinal infections (Pathophysiology I, pathology of the digestive tract)

1.4.14. Urinary tract infections (Pathophysiology II, pathology of the nephrourinary system)

1.4.15. Central nervous system infections (Pathophysiology I, nervous system disorders)

1.4.16. Skin and musculoskeletal infections (Pathophysiology I, dermatology and rheumatology)

1.5. Antibiotic allergy

2. Skin disorders (3 hours)

2.1. Skin structure and function

2.2. Anamnesis and physical examination of skin diseases

2.3. Primary elemental skin lesions

2.4. Secondary elemental skin lesions

2.5. Skin infections and soft spots

2.6. Secondary skin infections: bites, surgical wound and pressure scars

2.7. Skin disorders caused by cold and heat

2.8. Skin neoplasms

2.8.1. Precancerous lesions, basal cell and spinocellular carcinomas

2.8.2. Pigmentary tumors: melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma

2.9. Bank of additional images in dermatological pathology

3. Skeletal Function Disorders (3 hours)

3.1. Bone fractures, joint, muscle-tendon and soft tissue injuries

3.2. Alterations in skeletal growth and development

3.3. Bone remodeling disorders

3.3.1. Quantitative disorders: osteopenia and osteoporosis

3.3.2. Qualitative disorders: osteomalacia and Paget's disease

3.4. Inflammatory arthropathies

3.4.1. Synovitis

3.4.2. Spondylitis

3.5. Osteoarticular infections

3.5.1. Osteomyelitis

3.5.2. Septic arthritis

3.5.3. Joint prosthesis infection

3.6. Degenerative arthropathies: osteoarthritis

3.7. Osteonecrosis: avascular necrosis

3.8. Bone neoplasms

4. Pathology of the digestive tract (7 hours)

4.1. Specific complementary tests for the study of the digestive tract

4.1.1. Fibrogastroscopy, ERCP and fibrocolonoscopy

4.1.2. Esophageal manometry and pH metry

4.2. Esophageal disorders

4.2.1. Alterations of esophageal transit

4.2.2. Hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux

4.3. Gastro-duodenal disorders

4.3.1. Alterations of gastro-duodenal transit

4.3.2. Alterations in gastric secretion

4.3.3. Dyspepsia

4.4. Intestinal disorders

4.4.1. Constipation

4.4.2. Or

4.4.3. Irritable bowel

4.4.4. Diarrheal syndrome

4.4.5. Intestinal malabsorption

4.4.6. Gastrointestinal infections

4.4.7. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

4.5. Liver disorders

4.5.1. Jaundice and colostasis

4.5.2. Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension

4.5.3. Hepatocellular insufficiency

4.5.4. Viral hepatitis

4.5.5. Autoimmune and alcoholic hepatitis

4.5.6. Toxic-induced pathology

4.5.7. Liver tumors

4.6. Disorders of the extrahepatic bile duct

4.6.1. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis

4.6.2. Biliary tumors

4.7. Pancreatic disorders

4.7.1. Acute and chronic pancreatitis

4.7.2. Pancreatic neoplasia

4.8. Vascular pathology of the digestive tract

4.8.1. Intestinal ischemia

4.8.2. Digestive hemorrhage

5. Disorders of the Endocrine System and Metabolism (7 hours)

5.1. Disorders caused by ambient heat: heat stroke

5.2. Thyroid gland disorders

5.2.1. goal

5.2.2. Hyperthyroidism

5.2.3. Hypothyroidism

5.3. Disorder of the parathyroid glands and metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium

5.4. Adrenal gland disorder

5.4.1. Anatomical and functional reminder

5.4.2. Addison's disease

5.4.3. Cushing's syndrome

5.4.4. Pheochromocytoma

5.5. Disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

5.5.1. Panhypopituitarism

5.5.2. Hypersomatotropism and low altitude

5.5.3. Hyperprolactinemia

5.5.4. Diabetes insipidus and inappropriate secretion of ADH

5.6. Carbohydrate metabolism disorder: diabetes mellitus

5.7. Disorder of lipid metabolism: hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome and risk

cardiovascular

5.8. Disorder of purine and porphyrin metabolism (Pathophysiology II,

rheumatology)

5.9. Disorders of metabolism of iron, copper, potassium and acid-base balance

(Pathophysiology II, hematology, digestive and nephrourinary)

6. Nervous System Disorders (8 hours)

6.1. Pathology of the first and second motor neurons

6.2. Pathology of the neuromuscular junction and striated muscle

6.2.1. Myasthenia

6.2.2. Myopathies

6.3. Pathology of motor coordination: ataxia

6.4. Pathology of the extrapyramidal system

6.4.1. Parkinson's

6.4.2. Hyperkinetic disorders

6.5. Pathology of sensitivity

6.5.1. Sensitive syndromes

6.5.2. Pain

6.5.3. Pathology of the sensory systems

6.6. Pathology of the autonomic nervous system

6.7. Pathology of the spinal cord

6.8. Degenerative neuropathies

6.9. Pathology of the peripheral nervous system

6.10.Pathology of the cerebral cortex

6.11.Pathology of the state of consciousness

6.11.1. Eat

6.11.2. Acute confusional state

6.11.3. Syncope

6.11.4. Epilepsy

6.11.5. Sleep disorders

6.12.Pathology of cerebrospinal fluid

6.12.1. Hydrocephalus

6.12.2. Meningitis, meningoencephalitis and brain abscess

6.12.3. Endocranial hypertension

6.13.Neurovascular pathology

6.13.1. Cerebral ischemia

6.13.2. Cerebral hemorrhage

6.14. Headache

6.15. Neoplasms of the central nervous system

7. Practical radiology applied to the pathologies of the different apparatuses (Seminar of 2 hours)

7.1. Concept of Radiological Safety

7.2. Basic interpretation of chest and abdomen radiology.

7.3. Conventional radiological studies with oral and / or intravenous contrast

6.13.3. Pielography

6.13.4. Gastrointestinal tract and opaque enema

7.4. Abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Nuclear (NMR) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

7.5. Basic scintigraphic studies: Bone and lung scintigraphy, isotopic renogram and

Myocardial SPECT.

Seminars (9 hours)

• Seminar 1. Introduction to radiology
• Seminar 2. Clinical cases of infections and nosocomial infection
• Seminar 3. Review and resolution of clinical cases of Neurology and Digestive
• Seminar 4. Resolution of a syllabus of short questions, summary of Pathophysiology 1 with oral presentation in class.
• Seminar 5. Interactive session with analysis of the answers of the partial examination of the subject carried out by the whole class.

The assessment system for the skills and learning outcomes of this subject includes different assessment activities for Subject 1 - Anatomo-physiopathology:

A system of quantitative (from 0 to 10) and qualitative (suspended, approved, notable, excellent, honorary registration) is used according to RD 1125/2003.

The total or partial copy in any of the learning activities means a "Not Presented" in the subject, without option to present in the proof of recovery and without prejudice of the opening of a file for this reason.

According to UPF regulations, students who have the option of retrieving the subject are those who have obtained a “suspended” grade, which are the only ones that can be modified in the recovery process.

The evaluation system and recovery period are detailed in the Learning Plan available in the virtual classroom at the beginning of the subject.

02. Murray, PR, Rosenthal, KS & Pfaller, MA Medical Microbiology.8ª edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2017.

01. F. Javier Laso. Introduction to clinical medicine. Pathophysiology and semiology, 4th edition. Editorial ELSEVIER Spain. Barcelona 2020.

09. Gerard J. Tortora & Bryan H. Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition. Editorial Médica Panamericana. Madrid 2011.

04. J. Pastrana, G. Garcia de Casasola. Pathophysiology and basic general pathology for health sciences. Editorial Elsevier, 1st edition 2013.

05. V. Kumar. Robbins, Human Pathology, 8th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2008.

03. Carol M. Porth. Pathophysiology. Health-illness: a conceptual approach, 7th edition. Editorial Medica Panamericana. Madrid 2006.

07. Klaus Wolff, Richard Allen Johnson. Fitzpatrick: Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology. 6th edition. Editorial Medica Panamericana 2011

08. Ferrándiz C. Clinical dermatology. 3ª ed. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2009

10. John. E Hall. GUYTON & HALL. Treatise on Medical Physiology, 12th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2011

11. Frank H Netter. Atlas of Human Anatomy 5th edition. Editorial ELSEVIER MASSON- Barcelona 2011

06. JL Perez Arellano. SISINIO DE CASTRO. Manual of General Pathology, 6th edition. Editorial Elsevier. Barcelona 2006